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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Oct. 17, 1921)
OCT 2 0 1321 PORTLAND, OREGON, MONDAY, OCTOBER 17, 1931 PRICE FIVE CENTS VOL. LX NO. 19,003 Entered at Portland fOrtcon) Pontofflre g Second-Class Matter. ST!E EIXLJMTE CUT OFFERED USE OF INJUNCTION PREDICTED BY LABOR BOY KILLED IN WOODS BY OWN RIFLE FIRE STRIKE TO AFFECT YEGGS CHLOROFORM FAMILY; LOOT HOME OHIO UMIUM LlnULI AS ONE SOLUTION NO PROVISION MADE FOR POST POXEMEXT, DECIj AR ATI OX. CONFERENCE AT WASHINGTON TO CONTINUE TODAY. COMPANION, SEEKING AID, FORGETS WAT TO SCENE. PARENTS AWAKEN TO FIND CHILDREN IN STUPOR. BRUMFIELD WAITS rnn pi ibwv Tnniiv HIS PERFECT run 10 II 2010 IN OREGON run bL VHA UUH Group Walkouts to Be at 48-Hour Intervals, DETAILS NEARLY FINISHED Few Railroads Are Reas signed Hub of Situation i Now Is Cleveland. ALL LEADERS QUIT CHICAGO Rail Forces Gain Strength by Telegraphers' Pledge Also to Leave Jobs. CHICAGO, Oct 16. (By the As sociated Press) Final arrangements for a general railroad strike intended to tie up the nation's transportation system through a walkout oi the 2,000,000 employes rapidly were rearing completion tonight with the cay's developments bringing two important changes in original plans. Foremost was a decision not to include the Pennsylvania lines and the Erie railroad in the carriers on which the first walkout is scheduled to begin at 6 A. M., October 30. The San Diego & Arizona railroad was added to the first of the four groups into which the unions have divided roads for strike purposes End it was decided to order the three succeeding groups out at 48-hour intervals instead of 24. Under this plan, with the men on the roads in proup No. 1 walking out October 30, the strike would be in full effect November 5. Reassignment Is Completed. The Louisville & Nashville rail road also was dropped from the first group, according to the list given cut by union leaders. These changes were said by union leaders to complete reassignment of roads of the first group on which walkouts would take place and the following was made known as the official list of carriers in that group: Kansas City Southern, Missouri Pacific, St. Louis Southwestern (Cot ton Belt), International and Great Northern, Texas & Pacific. Southern Pacific (Atlantic system), including Houston, east and west; Texas & Houston (Texas Central), Southern Pacific (Pacific system), San Diego & Arizona, Chicago & Northwestern; Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul (ex cept Chicago, Terre Haute & South eastern); Northern Pacific, Chicago Great Western; Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific; Southern railway (lines cast and west); Seaboard Air Line, Virginian railroad. All Walkouts Start at 6 A. M. While no official information was forthcoming as to what group the Pennsylvania lines would be as signed, it was understood that they would be placed in group three on which the walkouts are to start November 3. All walkouts are to begin at 6 A. M., standard time. Transfer of the Pennsylvania from group No. 1 was unexplained by union leaders, but caused consider able surprise, as that road has been considered by the unions as the most antagonistic of any of them, and it was believed the first strike would be ordered on it. By midnight tonight Chicago had been deserted by virtually all lead ers of the big four brotherhoods and the Switchmen's Union of North America, the organizations in which nn official strike call actually has been issued, and the hub of the situ ation, was .being transferred to Cleveland where the presidents of these five unions will meet Tuesday to complete grouping of the rail roads and settle the final details of the proposed walkout. Unions' Forces Gain Strength. The union forces gained strength today when T. M. Pierson, vice president of the Order of Railroad Telegraphers, announced that the 81,000 members of his organization were pledged to strike and that they would make every effort to tie up completely the transportation sys tems. "It is our aim to tie up transpor tation so completely that it will be impossible for a train to move," he tCgu;iutied, tu fsift 2, Column i.) W. G. Lee- Announces That Order Is Final and Is Protest Over Wage Cut Made In July. CLEVELAND. O.. Oct. 1. With the announcement today that the bigT five railroad transportation chief will meet here Tuesday to discuss plans to carry on the nation-wide progressive railroad strike set to be gin October 80. W. G. Lee, president of the Brotherhood of Railroad Train men, declared nothing but a miracle cculd prevent the strike. Mr. Lee returned to headquarters today from Chicago and began sending- out official notices of the strike order to approximately 300 general Chairmen of his organization. "Nothing but a miracle can stop this strike." he said. "Still, there may be a savior some place, but I am afraid not." Mr. Lee explained that the strike order was final, no provisions being made for postponement. Only a sat isfactory settlement before the date for the strike has been provided. Mr. Lee said a strike is in protest against the 12 per cent wage reduc tion of the railroad labor board, ef fective last July 1. He explained that when the five railroad organ ization chiefs met with a committee of five railroad managers In Chicago Friday to consider this wage reduc tion and were informed "by the rail road managers that a further 10 per cent wage reduction would be re quested, the brotherhood chiefs gave up hope of an amicable settlement and the strike order resulted. Grand officers of the brotherhood of engineers were arriving tonight for a conference tomorrow with Grand Chief W. S. Stone, at which they will receive final instructions before de parting for their districts. Mr. Stone. W. S. Carter, president of the Brotherhood of Firemen and Englnemen; L. E. Sheppard, president of the Order of Railroad Conductors, and T. C. Cashen, president of the Switchmen's Union of North America, are expected tomorrow. Orders for calling off the strike In case a "satisfactory agreement" has been reached are contained In sealed code messages mailed general chair men with the strike order, which are not to be opened until receipt of a code telegram. If this code telegram and the sealed code message are Identical, the general chairmen will know the strike has been settled. CROWDS GO TO CHURCH Pastors In Some Cases Arc Forced to Find Additional Rooms. The crowds In leading Portland churches yesterday testified to the success of "Come-to-Church" Sunday, which was planned and executed un der the direction of the Portland Federation of churches. The remit of the wide publicity given this spe cial event was noticed particularly in the large down-town churches, although those in the outlying dis tricts also had Increased congrega tions. In some of the churches the Sun day school rooms had to be thrown open to accommodate the extra crowds. Because of the response yes terday. It was expected that "Come-to-Church" Sunday may be made an annual event. The plan for the day originated In the department of evangelism of the' federation of churches under the leadership of Rev. Edward H. Pence. It was unanimously approved by the ministers of the city and then turned over to the department of publicity of the federation. WAR MULES ARE HONORED Horses Jointly Commemorated In Tablet at Washington. WASHINGTON. D. C, Oct. 16. A bronze tablet commemorating the services of the 243.133 horses and mules attached to the American forces dur ing the war. 68.682 of which perished, was unveiled yesterday in the state, war and navy building. The tablet Is placed In the east wall of the building. President Harding, while prevented by business from attending the un veiling, participated with Mrs. Hard ing In the planting of a memorial tree on the White House lawn, the tree to stand as a memorial to the services of horses and mules In the war. WOMAN SUICIDE BY FIRE OH Believed Poured Over Clothes; Husband Finds Body. BKOADUS, Mont.. Oct. 16. Mrs. Ellen Paine. 48 years old. wife of Charles Paine of Stacy, Mont., com mitted suicide early today by burn ing herself to death, according to -the findings of the county coroner. The body was found about a mile from her home by s searching party, headed by her husband. She left tbe house while her husband was asleep. nd Is believed to have poured a can of coal oil over her clothes and then set fire to herself. NICARAGUANSJN BATTLE Government Forces Report Defeat of Revolutionists. MANAGUA, Nicaragua, Oct. 15. (By the Associated Press.) Govern ment forces have been victorious in a five-hour engagement with revolu tionists In the department of Nueva Segovia, near the Honduran frontier. Six revolutionists were killed, a large number were wounded and sev eral prisoners and a large quantity of ammunition wtre captured. Hold Wage Reduction in Abeyance, Is Advice. SETTLEMENT HELD POSSIBLE Public Group of Labor Board Suggests Plan. GOOD FAITH IS NEEDED Statement Says Cost of Living Then Would Be Lower and Business Stimulated. WASHINGTON, D. C, Oct 16. Im mediate translation of the reduction authorized last July la wages of rail road employes into reduced freight rates, was suggested by the public group of the railroad labor board to night as "one feasible plan by which the present controversy can be set tled and a strike averted." "If the railroads will Immediately, in good faith, adopt this suggestion," the public group said in the first statement issued since arrival In Washington, "the situation can be cleared, freight rates reduced to ship pers, the cost of living reduced, and a stlmlatlng effect exerted .on all business." . Under the plan suggested by the public group, - the railroads would withdraw their request for further wage reductions until freight reduc tions have been completed, and "pend ing action of the board on such pe tition for further reductions as the carriers may subsequently submit," the unions would withdraw the strike order. Statement Is Given Out. The suggestion of the public group was based, the statement said, on one put forward by W. W. Atterbury, vice president of the Pennsylvania rail road, before a convention, in Chicago last Friday. The statement given out by Ben W. Hooper, a member of the group, who said it was drafted by the entire mem bership, follows: "Up until Friday there was little, it any, danger of a railroad strike. The railway workers would have brought down on their heads universal con demnation for resisting by force a wage cut so manifestly just and rea sonable as that made in July. It may likewise be said that It remains to be seen whether issuance of a strike order merely because a petition for a wage reduction is about to be filed will be sustained by the public. Action Held Unjustified. "The railroad labor board has functioned for more than 18 months, settling hundreds of controversies, (Concluded on Page 3, Column 1.) IS IT A I : : 1 ; t 1 Harding Is Expected to Do Nothing While Awaiting Outcome of Several Gatherings. .WASHINGTON. E. C, Oct. 16. Fed eral action in connection with the threatened railroad strike still was confined today to conferences brought about by President Harding, between the Interstate commerce commission and the public representatives on the railway labor board. Consideration of the major prob lem presented by a prospective par alysis of the carrier system, with winter near, will be resumed at 2 P. M. tomorrow by the two govern ment agencies which hi-ve In charge practically complete regulation of railroad affairs. The impression given was that hav ing turned the matter over to the agencies established by law to handle It, President Harding would await the outcome of the conferences. In labor circles, however, the ex pectation was expressed that the legal branch of the government would be utilized. 'I presume that the next thing will be the injunction." M. H. Johnson, president of the International Asso ciation of Machinists, remarked. There were no Indications from other sources that government officials were pre paring to appeal to the courts. President Harding's engagements did not include interviews with any cabinet members whose official duties would have made the strike an imme diate Issue In their department. Attorney-General Daugherty and Postmaster-General Hays were out of town, the latter having left word there would be no statement on the strike before Monday. In view of the statement of recog nized leaders of the railroad unions that no special consideration would be shown mail trains, official Wash ington looked to the postofflce de partment for the first "defensive" move. It was recalled that the gov ernment had not been called on to meet organized interference with its mail traffic since President Cleve land's administration. Members of congress, outside of the committees having to do with trans portation and utilities, displayed un usual Interest in the situation, be cause, It was said, of the prominence given to the possibility of. reduced rates. At least one important "bloc" has gone on record as being of the opinion that such reduction was the most necessary of the several sug gested steps looking to a return of business to normal. INDIANAsPOLIS. Ind., Oct. 16. Sec retary of Labor Davis left tonight for Washington, having been summoned by President Harding In connection with the threatened railroad strike. He would make no comment on the threatened strike. Claims Against Concern Large. WASHINGTON, D. C. Oct. 16. Total claims of the shipping board against the United States Mail Steam ship company were placed at more than 15,000.000 by W. M. Bullitt, spe cial counsel for the board. The com pany, Mr. Bullitt said, has no visible assets. STUFFED CLUB OR THE REAL Youth Found Dead After Search of Hour and One-half; Discharge Laid to Tampering. VANCOUVER, Wash, Oct. 16. (Special.) Paul C. Wilson. 12-year-old son of J. A. Wilson of Thomas. Wash., was killed at 4 o'clock this afternoon by the accidental discharge of his .22-caliber rifle while he was hunting in the woods near Orchards, six miles from Vancouver. Wilson and his companion, Charles Dodge, also 12 years old, spied a bird. As it flew Dodge fired. He turned around to find that Wilson, wounded evidentlyl by the dischare of his own rifle, had fallen to the ground. Dodge hurried to the home of J. T. Mick mans to get aid. The youth was un able to direct Mr. Mickmans to the scene of the accident, having forgot ten the way. An hour end one-half elapsed before the two found Wilson dead. An examination conducted by Vic tor H. Limber, eouny coroner, showed that Wilson had been shot through the lungs, pischarge of the gun was thought to have been due to tamper ing. Death was held to be accidental. Wilson for some time had been liv ing with J. T. Claunsch, a relative. BUGGY ISHIT BY AUTO Eugene Woman Seriously Hurt In - Crash; Driver Sits In Car. EUGENE, Or.. Oct. 16. (Special.) Mrs. A. C. Barrett,- 6T, of this city, sustained a broken collar bone and serious internal injuries when a buggy in which she and her husband were riding on a Eugene street last night was struck by an automobile driven by Mrs. A. C. Yates, also of this city. The car struck the rear end of the buggy, throwing the occupants to the pavement. Mrs. Barrett, unconscious, was taken to a nearby residence and later to her home. Her condition was said to be uncertain. Eye witnesses to the accident said that Mrs. Tates was driving on the wrong side of the street. "They were In my way" was the statement Mrs. , Yates was said to have made as she sat in her car while Mrs. Barrett was being carried into the house. Mrs. Tates said she was on the right side of the street and declared that she was not driving faster than ten miles an hour. PUEBLA GOVERNOR FLEES Citizens Make Demonstration on Account of High Taxes. MEXICO CITY, Oct 16. (By the I Associated Press.) Jose Maria San chez, governor of Puebla state, fled from Puebla last night on horseback, accompanied by 30 followers. In the course of a demonstration against state authorities, who were charged with being responsible for the new tax law, which was alleged to provide for excessive rates. Although martial law has not been proclaimed, federal troops under Gen eral Maycotte are guarding the city in the absence of the civil authorities and the police. THING? Men to Go Out in Groups, Starting October 30. TWO LINES FIRST TO BE HIT Southern and Northern Pacific Workers to Start Walkout. EMPLOYES NOT BLUFFING Executives of Roads Blamed by Secretary of Brotherhood In Portland for Conditions. 20,000 OREGON MEN ARE AFFECTED. There are 1500 trainmen in' Portland who will be affected by the strike. These Include switchmen, brakemen and some conductors. Of the operating railway force in Oregon there will be af fected 2000 trainmen, 700 con ductors, 700 engineers and 700 firemen. This would 'make a total of 4100 men who directly operate trains In addition to these there are about 6000 or 7000 shopmen who have voted to go out on strike. There are allied or ganizations composed of such employes as sheet metal work ers, machinists, telegraphers, boilermakers, blacksmiths and signalmen, which would bring the number of men affected up to 20,000. Approximately 20.000 railroad em ployes in Oregon will be affected 'by the threatened nation-wide railroad strike called to begin October 30, the men to go out in groups progressively and all to be oh strike by Novem ber 2. Among railroads in the first group affected are the Southern Pacific and the Northern Pacific. This would leave Portland open for traffic from and to the east over the O.-W. R. & N. and Union Pacific and the Spokane, Portland & Seattle and Great North ern until a day or two later. Workers in Earnest. "The men are absolutely In earnest about the matter and they voted in good faith to go out on strike," Frank C. Hanly, secretary of the brother hood of railroad trainmen in Port land, said last night. "There is no bluffing so far as the intention to strike is concerned if there Is no set tlement before October 30, either through the United States government or the railroad executives themselves. "The railroad executives'themselveg will be responsible for the strike and not the unions if October 30 comes and there is no settlement. The rail road executives were responsible for the 12 per cent cut of last July which was ordered by the labor board. The railway employes are not so con cerned with this 12 per cent cut as they are with other parts of the order which would alter working conditions so materially that the cut in effect would amount to 30 to 40 per cent. This is done by altering amounts of money for overtime. Vote In Oregon 98 Per Cent. The railroad employes of Oregon voted 98 per cent In favor of tbe strike. Mr. Hanly said. The men on all the Southern Pacific lines voted between 97 and 98 per cent The en tire country voted between 91 and 92 per cent, he said. "We have received no specific in structions here up to the present, Mr. Hanly said. "F. D. Hobbs of this city Is the representative in this dis trict for the trainmen. He Is on his way back here. Everything is or ganized. No move will be made by any men without direct Instruction. All of these instructions will come from Chicago. The district repre sentatives will be in direct charge of the organization of the strike in their districts." Three Brotherhoods Represented. ' There are three ot the big operat lng brotherhoods represented in Portland. Frank C Hanly is secre tary of the local Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen, Edward Williams represents the Brotherhood of Loco motive Firemen and Englnemen and E. C. Clem represents the Order of Railway Conductors. The Switch men's Union of America formerly had local quarters, but has none now, "This strike will be the first na tional strike since 1894." Mr. Hanly said. "I understand that President Lee of the trainmen desired to go out on a strike before this, but he would not call the strike unless he had support from allied organiza tions." Ex-Minister Provokes Riot. CAIRO, Egypt. Oct. 16. Rioting foil lowed the arrival by steamer Friday of Said Zagloul Pasha, ex-minister of justice and a nationalist leader. 'Twenty-four persona were 'woundtd. Authorities have not permitted Zag- luul to land, . Robbers Put Trained Watchdog to Sleep and Escape With $30; No Trace Found. Burglars entered the home of Frank Campbell, 14 East - Twenty-first street, late Saturday night, chloro formed the entire family and the fam ily watchdog, and escaped with 30 in cash, leaving no trace that would lead to their capture by the police. Mr. and Mrs. Campbell awakened early yesterday morning deathly sick, with the odor of chloroform permeating the entire house. The watchdog was asleep near their bed nd did not awaken when called. They rushed to the room where their two sons were sleeping and found them in a stupor. Clothing scattered throughout the household and opened dresser drawers gave evidence of the fact that burglars had been at work and were responsible for the use of the anesthetic From Mr. Campbell's trousers' pocket a purse containing $28 had been removed and Mrs. Camp bell's pocketbook. which contained about 12, had been taken. The family notified the police. The odor of chloroform was still notice able when they arrived. No traces were left that might lead to the cap ture of the vandals responsible for the robbery. Mr. Campbell told the police that he was at loss to know how the burg lars could have entered the house without awakening the watchdog, as the animal was so well trained that the kitchen door was left unlocked every night. MR. STANFIELD GOES EAST Oregon Senator Icaves Welscr, Idaho, for Washington, D. C. Senator Stanfield left for Wash ington' Saturday night from Welser, Idaho, where he was Joined by Henry L. Corbett and Walter Dickey. Mr. Corbett goes east with Senator Stan field as a representative of the Col umbia Basin Wool Warehouse com i wn .aid. while Mr. Dickey represents the Portland Cattle Loan company. Both go to help adjust matters nertaining to the J50.000.000 fund provided by eastern banks for loans to livestock men. Senator Stanfield's delay in getting back to Washington has been due to his work in connection with the live-.tm-V loans and the Sl.000,000.000 fund arranged by the government for loans to the farmers. STORM WARNINGS ISSUED Rain Over Western Washington Causes Forecast of Southeaster. SJfN FRANCISCO, Oct. 16. Rain over western Washington today evi nn th weather maD here the materializing' of a southeast storm for which warnings were issued yes terday to points from Port Reyes. Cal., north to southern Alaska. The storm area, however, did not extend as far south as was expected, -ii ...... i. th. Hr.o'nii.W&ahinEton line today reporting pleasant weather. The impending storm in inn ac tion has swung back to sea, accord ing to officials here. SPR0UL NOT TO RESIGN Pennsylvania Governor Declines to Succeed Senator Knox. PHILADELPHIA. Oct. 16. After returning from the funeral of unitea States Senator Knox yesterday. Gov ernor Sprout definitely settled the rumor that he might resign the gov ernorship to be appointed United States senator. The governor said: "I stall not re sign the governorship. The people of Pennsylvania elected me governor for four years and they expect me to finish out my term." INDEX OF TODAY'S NEWS The Weather. TESTBRDAT'S Maximum temperature, 60 desr.es; minimum, 48 decrees. TODAY'S Cloudy. Foreign. Celibacy la doom of millions of women In England. Page 10. League only alternative to anarchy In old world, says George N. Barnes. Page 18. National. Agricultural Bloo la new power In senate. Page 8. Immediate rate cut enrgested as one way to avoid strike. Page 1. Use of Injunction against strike predicted by labor. Page 1. Pomefitlc. Strike In Chicago in 1804 recalled. Page 2. Unions perfeot detaila of strike. Page 1. Strike Inevitable, declares railway train men head. Page 1. Teaa. flood area again propers. Page 8. Pacific Northwest Brumfleld waits for climax of trial today. Page 1. Japanese demand for lumber continues brisk Page 18. Boy killed by own gun. Page 1. guccessor to late Justice Benson to be named from eastern Oregon. Page 3. Hportfl. High brand of golf displayed In state tour nament. Page 12. Smith called nerviest man In army by Prince of Wales. Page 13. Gridiron favorites run true to form. Page 12. Commercial and Marine. Danish steamer due here today to take grain. Page 13. Portland and Vicinity. New tools assist land reclamation. Page 18. Hunters arretted; one accidentally shot Page 14. Religion declared, Ingrafted In soul. Page 20. Yeggs chloroform family and. loot home. Page 1. Boy Scout presidents meet tomorrows Page 20. Saving tendencies reported by banks page l'-l. Success pointed out by Community Chest directum. Page 9. Bail strike to affect 20.000 men in Oregon. Page 1. ... . Dentist Is Expected to Go on Stand. ALLEGED SLAYER CHEERFUL Day Is Spent Playing Cards With Cell Mates. WIFE MAY TAKE STAND Strain of Trial on Woman Is In dlcated on Face Defense May Call Fellow Prisoner. BY DON SKENE. ROSEBURG, Or., Oct. 16. (Special.) A quiet Sunday rest and recreation, featured by the conventional chicken dinner and a long session of card playing, was spent by Dr. Richard M. Brumfleld today in Jail as he waited the closing scenes of the trial in which he faces the charge of brutally murdering Dennis Russell last July. All indications are that tomorrow will mark the climax of the trial. Scores of minor players have filed through the witness stand in this courtroom drama. Now the stage is set for the appearance of the prin cipals. The impression is general that Dr. Brumfield will take the witness Btand tomorrow and give to the world from his own lips some of the facts asso ciated with the last trip he made in his big red automobile, which was found on the night of July 13, In flames beside tho headltsa, charred body of Dennis Russell, Mrs. Ilrumflrld May Teatlfy. It is also reported that Mrs. Brum field will appear as a witness for the defense. The strain of the trial, has been terrific for her. Testerday her face was ghostly white and her eyes were rimmed with black circles, but she continued to smile encouragingly and cheerfully at hor husband. Another possible witness tomorrow is Chief" Balllet. half-breed Indian, who is Dr. Brumfleld's "pal" in Jail. Balllet received a clean shirt and white collar- yesterday, and was told to prepare himself for courtroom ap pearance. He was visited by Dexter Rice, chlsf counsel for the defense, recently, ahc? is exptcted to be called by the defense to testify about Dr. Brumfleld's actions in Jail during the last month. The testimony of this witness may prove a boomerang to the defense, however, for he has fre quently expressed the opinion to of ficers that "the doc yvas playing at being crazy." Greeting Is Hearty One. Accompanied by Sheriff Starmer, the writer visited Dr. Brumfleld in the jail this afternoon. As the sheriff unlocked the big steel door outside the big ceil on the ground floor of the dungeon. Dr. Brumfield and "Chief" Balllet shouted a hearty greeting. The accused dentist and the "Chief were seated at a little table playing pinochle. The former wore a flannel shirt and was coatless. "I Just wunted to see which of you fellows was going broke today," said the sheriff. "It wouldn't take much to break either of us," answered Dr. Brumfield (Concluded on Page 6. Column 1.) H. G. WELLS TO COVER TREMENDOUS NEWS STORY FOR THE OREGONIAN. H. G. Wells is coming to America to "cover" the great est news story since the armi stice for The Oregonian. When the congress on limi tation of armament meets at Washington on November 11, the future course of, world his tory will depend largely upon the outcome of the delibera tions of the representatives of the United States, of Japan, of Great Britain, of France and of the other powers asso ciated in the conference. No single mind in the world is so well equipped to grasp the significance of each new development in the sessions as the mind of II . G. Wells. No single pen in the world is so well qualified to set down for the information of news paper readers just what it all should mean and does mean as the pen of H. G. Wells. The Oregonian takes pride in offering as a service to its readers the articles which will be written on the greatest and most important subject of the day by a leader in world lit erature a leader in the effort to make a better civilization whose many writings, of which perhaps the "Outline of His tory" is the greatest, have brought him to the knowledge of almost all mankind. 4 i 103.0